Concordancia mutacional de BRAF entre melanoma primario cutáneo y sus correspondientes metástasis. Revisión de la evidencia actual / BRAF Mutation Status Concordance Between Primary Cutaneous Melanomas and Corresponding Metastases: A Review of the Latest Evidence

La mutación en el oncogén BRAF en melanoma y la aparición de terapias dirigidas frente a ella han supuesto un antes y un después en el tratamiento de esta enfermedad. El estudio del estado mutacional en las metástasis y su concordancia con el tumor primario tiene además una gran implicación terapéutica en estos pacientes, pues permite seleccionar candidatos a estos tratamientos. El objetivo de esta revisión es conocer las evidencias disponibles sobre el grado de concordancia en los distintos tipos de metástasis en el melanoma cutáneo, así como las ventajas y desventajas de los distintos métodos de detección de la mutación en BRAF

The identification of B-Raf proto-oncongene (BRAF) mutation and the emergence of targeted therapy marked a turning point in the treatment of melanoma. The study of mutation status concordance between primary tumors and metastases in this cancer has major treatment implications as it facilitates the selection of candidates for targeted therapy. This review analyzes the evidence on the level of mutation status concordance between primary tumors and different types of metastases in cutaneous melanoma and provides an overview of the advantages and disadvantages of the various methods used to detect BRAF mutations

BRAF Mutation Status Concordance Between Primary Cutaneous Melanomas and Corresponding Metastases: A Review of the Latest Evidence. / Concordancia mutacional de BRAF entre melanoma primario cutáneo y sus correspondientes metástasis. Revisión de la evidencia actual.

The identification of B-Raf proto-oncongene (BRAF) mutation and the emergence of targeted therapy marked a turning point in the treatment of melanoma. The study of mutation status concordance between primary tumors and metastases in this cancer has major treatment implications as it facilitates the selection of candidates for targeted therapy. This review analyzes the evidence on the level of mutation status concordance between primary tumors and different types of metastases in cutaneous melanoma and provides an overview of the advantages and disadvantages of the various methods used to detect BRAF mutations.

Lupus eritematoso neonatal cutáneo. Importancia de la sospecha diagnóstica / Cutaneous neonatal lupus erythematosus. Importance of clinical suspicion

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Alertas cutáneas en malignidades sistémicas (parte 2) / Cutaneous Manifestations of Systemic Malignancies: Part 2

La piel puede ser «clave» en el diagnóstico precoz de neoplasias sistémicas. En esta segunda parte se abordan una serie de dermatosis agrupadas por sus características morfológicas, muy diversas, que en un contexto apropiado contribuyen a desenmascarar procesos malignos. Se analizan las lesiones erosivas y ampollares, las pápulas y nódulos inflamatorios, la xerosis, ictiosis, dermatitis exfoliativa generalizada, síntomas como el prurito, alteraciones de la distribución del pelo, trastornos de la sudoración, tumores benignos que pueden formar parte de síndromes heredofamiliares en cuya evolución se puede desarrollar cáncer visceral. Por último se describen las lesiones ungueales y bucales en relación con malignidad sistémica. En definitiva, se destaca la importancia de la piel en el estudio de las neoplasias sistémicas (AU)

The skin can be key to early diagnosis of systemic malignancies. In the second part of this review, we present various skin conditions that can, in certain contexts, reveal the presence of malignancy. The skin conditions are presented in groups based on a diverse range of morphological characteristics. Specifically, the following groups are analyzed: erosive and blistering lesions; inflammatory papules and nodules; xerosis, ichthyosis, and generalized exfoliative dermatitis; symptoms such as pruritus; abnormal hair distribution patterns; sweating disorders; benign tumors that can form part of hereditary syndromes associated with a risk of visceral cancer; and finally, oral and nail abnormalities. This review highlights the importance of the skin in the study of systemic malignancies (AU)

Cutaneous manifestations of systemic malignancies: part 2.

The skin can be key to early diagnosis of systemic malignancies. In the second part of this review, we present various skin conditions that can, in certain contexts, reveal the presence of malignancy. The skin conditions are presented in groups based on a diverse range of morphological characteristics. Specifically, the following groups are analyzed: erosive and blistering lesions; inflammatory papules and nodules; xerosis, ichthyosis, and generalized exfoliative dermatitis; symptoms such as pruritus; abnormal hair distribution patterns; sweating disorders; benign tumors that can form part of hereditary syndromes associated with a risk of visceral cancer; and finally, oral and nail abnormalities. This review highlights the importance of the skin in the study of systemic malignancies.

Alertas cutáneas en malignidades sistémicas (parte I) / Cutaneous alerts in systemic malignancy: Part 1

El objetivo de esta revisión es alertar al dermatólogo y a los clínicos en general de los signos y síntomas cutáneos que pueden contribuir al diagnóstico precoz de una neoplasia subyacente. Puesto que la piel es uno de los órganos más accesibles, nunca debe ser ignorada en las enfermedades sistémicas. Posee la ventaja de que su exploración no requiere técnicas agresivas y nos revela datos importantes de la situación del paciente. Habitualmente se abordan los síndromes paraneoplásicos clásicos, pero hay una gran variedad de procesos cutáneos no estrictamente paraneoplásicos, que en un determinado contexto sugieren la presencia de una malignidad o que tienen más riesgo de desarrollarla a lo largo de la vida. Se ha optado por enumerar las distintas dermatosis agrupándolas por su morfología clínica, siguiendo un orden aleatorio. Varios de los procesos comparten signos y síntomas múltiples, por lo que se ha recurrido al más notorio para incluirlo en un determinado grupo (AU)

The aim of this review is to familiarize dermatologists and clinicians in general with cutaneous signs and symptoms that can help lead to an early diagnosis of an underlying malignancy. Because the skin is one of the most accessible organs, it should never be overlooked in systemic disease. Examination of the skin has the advantage of revealing important information about the patient’s condition without requiring the use of invasive techniques. In the literature, most discussions of cutaneous manifestations of internal malignancy refer to classic paraneoplastic syndromes, but a wide variety of skin conditions, while not strictly paraneoplastic, can, in certain contexts, indicate the presence of malignancy or an increased risk of developing cancer later in life. In this review, various skin conditions that can signal malignancy or increased cancer risk are presented in randomly ordered groups based on clinical morphology. Conditions with multiple signs and symptoms have been classified on the basis of their most characteristic feature (AU)

Cutaneous alerts in systemic malignancy: part I.

The aim of this review is to familiarize dermatologists and clinicians in general with cutaneous signs and symptoms that can help lead to an early diagnosis of an underlying malignancy. Because the skin is one of the most accessible organs, it should never be overlooked in systemic disease. Examination of the skin has the advantage of revealing important information about the patient's condition without requiring the use of invasive techniques. In the literature, most discussions of cutaneous manifestations of internal malignancy refer to classic paraneoplastic syndromes, but a wide variety of skin conditions, while not strictly paraneoplastic, can, in certain contexts, indicate the presence of malignancy or an increased risk of developing cancer later in life. In this review, various skin conditions that can signal malignancy or increased cancer risk are presented in randomly ordered groups based on clinical morphology. Conditions with multiple signs and symptoms have been classified on the basis of their most characteristic feature.

Mama ectópica vulvar / Accessory Breast on the Vulva

Se describe el caso de una mujer de 24 años de edad con una tumoración subcutánea localizada en la región pubiana inferior izquierda cuyo estudio histopatológico mostró una mama ectópica. Las lesiones tumorales vulvares son poco frecuentes y la presencia de tejido mamario ectópico a nivel vulvar es extremadamente rara. El motivo de consulta en estos casos suele ser el aumento de tamaño fluctuante en relación con cambios hormonales, generalmente secundarios al embarazo o la lactancia, o con alteraciones tumorales asociadas. El caso que se presenta mostraba un crecimiento progresivo sin aparente causa hormonal o neoplásica subyacente, se trataba por tanto de una mama ectópica con clínica de tumoración subcutánea (AU)

We describe a 24-year-old woman with a subcutaneous swelling in the left inferior pubic region. Histology revealed ectopic breast tissue. Vulvar tumors are uncommon and the presence of ectopic breast tissue in this region is extremely rare. In these cases, patients usually consult for a mass that varies in size with hormonal changes, typically during pregnancy or breast-feeding, or that has associated neoplastic changes. In our patient, the mass had grown progressively with no identifiable underlying hormonal association or neoplasm. We therefore classified it as ectopic breast tissue presenting as a subcutaneous mass (AU)

[Accessory breast on the vulva]. / Mama ectópica vulvar.

We describe a 24-year-old woman with a subcutaneous swelling in the left inferior pubic region. Histology revealed ectopic breast tissue. Vulvar tumors are uncommon and the presence of ectopic breast tissue in this region is extremely rare. In these cases, patients usually consult for a mass that varies in size with hormonal changes, typically during pregnancy or breast-feeding, or that has associated neoplastic changes. In our patient, the mass had grown progressively with no identifiable underlying hormonal association or neoplasm. We therefore classified it as ectopic breast tissue presenting as a subcutaneous mass.

Lipoatrofia semicircular inducida por presión / Pressure-induced lipoatrophia semicircularis

La lipoatrofia semicircular de los muslos es una forma de lipodistrofia localizada poco frecuente caracterizada por unas depresiones horizontales semicirculares a modo de banda, asintomáticas, a menudo bilaterales y simétricas localizadas en la cara anterolateral de los muslos. Su etiopatogenia es desconocida, aunque la mayoría de los casos se asocian a traumatismos de repetición. Una nueva hipótesis implicaría como causa los campos electromagnéticos generados por los ordenadores y sus cables en los edificios modernos. Describimos el caso de una mujer de 28 años que presentaba esta entidad relacionada con el uso de pantalones ajustados (AU)

Lipoatrophia semicircularis of the thighs is an uncommon form of localized lipodystrophy characterized by horizontal semicircular depressions distributed to form a band. The asymptomatic, often bilateral, and symmetric lesions are localized on the anterolateral aspect of the thighs. The pathogenesis of these lesions is unknown, although most cases are associated with repetitive trauma. A new hypothesis has implicated electromagnetic fields produced by computers and their cables in modern buildings as a cause. We describe a case in a 28-year-old woman of lipoatrophia semicircularis that was related to wearing tight pants (AU)

[Pressure-induced lipoatrophia semicircularis]. / Lipoatrofia semicircular inducida por presión.

Lipoatrophia semicircularis of the thighs is an uncommon form of localized lipodystrophy characterized by horizontal semicircular depressions distributed to form a band. The asymptomatic, often bilateral, and symmetric lesions are localized on the anterolateral aspect of the thighs. The pathogenesis of these lesions is unknown, although most cases are associated with repetitive trauma. A new hypothesis has implicated electromagnetic fields produced by computers and their cables in modern buildings as a cause. We describe a case in a 28-year-old woman of lipoatrophia semicircularis that was related to wearing tight pants.